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Research

Here's some research that you could also find online.

This is not an exhaustive list, obviously. Just meant as a jumping off place.
I'll likely keep adding research as I come across it, and as I have time.

If you are looking for research PubMed and Google Scholar are good places to start.

If you're looking for how to apply these things to your own breathing, join me in a Breath Retraining Course, or schedule a session with me.

Nose Breathing

Akkoca Ö, Oğuz H, Ünlü CE, Aydın E, Ozdel K, Kavuzlu A. Association Between Nasal Obstruction Symptoms and Anxiety. Ear Nose Throat J. 2020 Aug;99(7):448-452. doi: 10.1177/0145561319900747. Epub 2020 Feb 13. PMID: 32050802.

Chambi-Rocha A, Cabrera-Domínguez ME, Domínguez-Reyes A. Breathing mode influence on craniofacial development and head posture. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2018 Mar-Apr;94(2):123-130. doi: 10.1016/j.jped.2017.05.007. Epub 2017 Aug 14. PMID: 28818510.

Courtney, R., et al. (2022). Functional nasal breathing rehabilitation: Effectiveness and feasibility of an online integrative breathing therapy protocol. International Journal of Orofacial Myology and Myofunctional Therapy, 48(1), 1-14.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52010/ijom.2022.48.1.2

Eby GA. Strong humming for one hour daily to terminate chronic rhinosinusitis in four days: a case report and hypothesis for action by stimulation of endogenous nasal nitric oxide production. Med Hypotheses. 2006;66(4):851-4. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2005.11.035. Epub 2006 Jan 10. PMID: 16406689.

Hadas Golan, Rosalba Courtney, Jeremy Wolfberg, Novel Respiratory Therapy for the Improvement of Post COVID Condition Symptoms: A Case Series, Journal of Voice, 2023

Mangla PK, Menon MP. Effect of nasal and oral breathing on exercise-induced asthma. Clin Allergy. 1981 Sep;11(5):433-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.1981.tb01616.x. PMID: 7318162.

Moris, Jose M., Arturo Cardona, Brendan Hinckley, Armando Mendez, Alexandra Blades, Vineet K. Paidisetty, Christian J. Chang, Ryan Curtis, Kylie Allen, Yunsuk Koh, A framework of transient hypercapnia to achieve an increased cerebral blood flow induced by nasal breathing during aerobic exercise, Cerebral Circulation - Cognition and Behavior, Volume 5, 2023.

Natasha Mirza, Donald C. Lanza, THE NASAL AIRWAY AND OBSTRUCTED BREATHING DURING SLEEP, Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America, Volume 32, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 243-262, ISSN 0030-6665, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0030-6665(05)70128-6.

Price A, Eccles R. Nasal airflow and brain activity: is there a link? J Laryngol Otol. 2016 Sep;130(9):794-9. doi:10.1017/S0022215116008537. Epub 2016 Aug 1. PMID: 27477330.

Nervous System

PVT-Refute

lHere are two articles by Paul Grossman and others debunking Polyvagal Theory. Please read these.

Paul Grossman, Fundamental challenges and likely refutations of the five basic premises of the polyvagal theory, Biological Psychology, Volume 180, 2023

WHY THE POLYVAGAL THEORY IS UNTENABLE. An international expert evaluation of the polyvagal theory and commentary upon Porges, S.W. (2025). Polyvagal theory: current status, clinical applications, and future directions. Clin. Neuropsychiatry, 22(3), 169-184

In an effort to be thorough and transparent, here is Stephen Porges's response to critique.

The Problem with The Polyvagal Theory on Medium by Dr. Max Pearl

Neuhuber, Winifried L., Hans-Rudolf Berthoud, Functional anatomy of the vagus system: How does the polyvagal theory comply?, Biological Psychology, Volume 174, 2022, 108425, ISSN 0301-0511

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